- Courtesy of Wikipedia -

Beatboxing is a form of vocal percussion which primarily involves the art of producing drum beats, rhythm, and musical sounds using one’s mouth, lips, tongue and voice. It may also involve singing, vocal imitation of turntablism, the simulation of horns, strings, and other musical instruments. Beatboxing is connected with hip hop culture although it is not limited to hip hop music.

Prehistory:

Vocal imitation of percussion sounds has existed for a very long time. One tradition is thought to have originated in India several thousand years ago: the tradition of bol, and the Chinese developed Kouji, a type of vocal performing arts. These had little or no relation with hip hop, however, and have no direct connection to modern Eastern Hip Hop. Some African traditions use performers’ bodies (clapping, stomping) to make musical sounds to maintain a steady musical pace. They made sounds using their mouths by loudly breathing in and out, which is done in beatboxing today. An American style called eefing first emerged in rural Tennessee near the beginning of the 20th century.

Hip-Hop Origins:

Beatboxing in hip hop originated in 1980s. Its early pioneers include Doug E. FreshBuffy from the Fat BoysWise (Stetsasonic) . Credits of the three include Doug E. Fresh for being the self proclaimed first “human beatbox,” Buffy for helping perfect the art & Wise for taking it to a level that inspired other individuals to want to be a human beatbox. Wise with his human turntable technique inspired a whole new fan base of human beatboxers. The term “beatboxing” is derived from the mimicry of the first generation of drum machines, then known as beatboxes.

Modern Beatboxing:

Beatboxing’s current popularity is due in part to artists such as Vaughan Chadderton, RahzelKenny Muhammad, and Matisyahu, who have promoted the art form across the world. Websites such as Humanbeatbox.com, BeatBox.Be, BeatboxWorld and YouTube also contribute substantially toward raising the profile of beatboxing.

Many a cappella singing groups have one or more members using this technique, especially when performing songs which have a heavy percussive element, in order to closely mimic or duplicate the original sound.

One of the modern singers and musicians who started to add his own sounds to his music was Michael Jackson in songs like Billie JeanTabloid Junkie, and Who Is It. Most of the time, he admitted that he needed a tape recorder to record this sound that came to his mind just to not forget them and around that base built the rest of the tune.

In 2005 the world championship of beatboxing was organised in Leipzig, Germany. The participants came from all over the world, and included Tom Thumb, and Joel Turner (Australia), White Noise (Ireland), RoxorLoops (Belgium), Poizunus(Canada), Faith SFX (UK). After several heats of beatbox battles, the final between RoxorLoops (Belgium) and Joel Turner (Australia) was decided. The five judges had a difficult time picking a winner and called for two extra rounds after which Joel Turner won the world championship.

Recently, a 2009 beatboxing world championship took place where over 52 beatboxers and many female beatboxers competed for the title. The female British winner Bellatrix (UK), the male Swiss winner, ZeDe (SUI), and the band Under Kontrol (FR) are now the holders of the largest beatboxing title.

Notation:

As with other musical disciplines, some form of musical notation or transcription may sometimes be useful in order to describe beatbox patterns or performances. Sometimes this takes the form of ad hocphonetic approximations, but is occasionally more formal.

Standard Beatbox Notation (SBN) was created by Mark Splinter and Gavin Tyte of Humanbeatbox.com in 2006 as an alternative to International Phonetic Alphabet transcription, which had been used sparingly before then.

- More info on Beatboxing check humanbeatbox.com & Beatboxbattle.com -

WORD?

‘Obama shares ancestral ties with 7 ex-US presidents, including George Bush’

- Courtesy of TimesofIndia.Indiatimes.com -

New York: After finding that seven previous US Presidents, including George W. Bush and Bill Clinton are his distant kin, President Barack Obama has now discovered that the nations newest senator Scott Brown is also his distant cousin.

The New England Historical Geological Society (NEHGS), which has since 1845 traced the ancestry of Americans of English descent, says Obama is a long-lost cousin of Scott Brown.

A Republican, Brown created ripples in US politics Jan 19 by winning the Massachusetts senate seat long held by the late Edward Kennedy of the Democratic Party. His win has upset the President’s health reform agenda as Obama’s Democratic Party has lost the 60-mark filibuster majority in the 100-member Senate.

In a statement, the Boston-based New England Historic Genealogical Society says it has “uncovered family lines that link President BarackObama with Scott Brown, the newly elected Republican senator from Massachusetts.”

The society says Obama’s mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, and Brown’s mother, Judith Ann Rugg, both are descendants of Richard Singletary of Haverhill, Massachusetts, who died in 1687 at the age of 102.

” President Obama descends from Richard’s eldest son, Jonathan Singletary, who later changed his surname to Dunham. Scott Brown descends from Jonathan’s brother, Nathaniel Singletary. This kinship makes Obama and Brown 10th cousins,” the society statement says.

Like his illustrious descendants (Obama and Brown), Singletary too held public office during his time, serving as town selectman in both Salisbury and Haverhill, Massachusetts, in the 1650s, the statement says.

In 2008, the society made the startling discovery that Obama is related to seven former presidents, including George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, Jimmy Carter, Gerald Ford, Lyndon Johnson, Harry S. Truman, and James Madison, as well as actor Brad Pitt.

Reacting to his family links to Obama, Brown has been quoted in the media as saying that he is happy about his family ties “such distinguished company.”

The society has also discovered that Brown too is related to six other presidents, including George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, Richard Nixon, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Rutherford Hayes.

With their common ancestry, will Brown make common cause with cousin Obama on health reforms? Unlikely, say political experts.

- Courtesy of Nationalblackagendaonline.com -

- Photography by Bruno Schlumberger, The Ottawa Citizen -

Courtesy of Ottawa Citizen

OTTAWA — A 42-year-old Ottawa woman returned home from her grandmother’s funeral to be handcuffed, strip-searched and accused of drug-smuggling by Canadian customs agents at the Ottawa airport Tuesday night.

Charmaine Archer, a nurse’s assistant at a long-term care facility was on a flight from Philadelphia, the last leg of her trip home from Jamaica. She and her four-year-old son were pulled aside for inspection by border services agents at the airport as they left the plane around 11 p.m.

“I noticed I was the only one in that area,” she said.

Agents told Archer, who is a Canadian citizen, she was flagged because she paid for part of her ticket with a credit card, because she booked last minute and because she only stayed for four days.

Agents took what she described as gauze swabs and ran them over her wallet, the lining of her suitcase and even her toothbrush. This took over an hour, Archer said.

Her toothbrush, agents said, tested positive for heroin and THC, the active ingredient in marijuana.

“I said, ‘You’re a liar.’ I don’t do drugs, I don’t know anybody that does drugs, and I wasn’t around drugs when I was in Jamaica … I come from an upstanding family and nobody touched that toothbrush but me.”

Agents told her she would have to submit to a strip search.

“I said to her, ‘No way that’s going to happen! My husband don’t know what’s inside my rectum and neither will you.”

She was threatened with arrest and told her child would be sent to Children’s Aid, Archer said. The boy was eventually allowed to join his father, who was waiting to pick him and Archer up in the airport.

Archer was handcuffed and she eventually agreed to be searched.

“I got undressed. There were three women in the room — quite humiliating, quite degrading. I’m a big person, very conscious of my body … you can imagine how I felt.

“They made me stand up and hold my arm up and they made me lift up my breast. Then she told me to turn around and bend all the way over with my feet wide apart. And then she told me to use my hand and open my rectum.

“They told me to put one foot forward then squat and cough … they told me to lift up my belly and they told me open my feet apart and to pry my legs apart and they looked underneath my crotch.”

When it was over, “they asked if I wanted to take a minute to sit down,” since she was shaking and crying. They offered to help repack her bag and two male officers put her bags on a trolley to bring them down to her waiting husband. It was 2 a.m., and they had found no drugs.

“They never apologized, never said anything,” she said. “They thought they had a big fish.”

“This is by no means isolated,” said Ewart Walters, editor of the Spectrum, a monthly newspaper aimed at Ottawa’s black community. “There have been enough incidents over the years of people being picked on.”

He pointed to Leon Stewart, who was held for three hours at the airport in March, 2000. Like Archer, he was strip searched, only Stewart was asked to produce a bowel movement to satisfy customs agents he wasn’t concealing drugs.

“There is an overwhelming number of black people coming from Jamaica who get stopped and asked questions.” Walters said.

Kerwin Dougan, Archer’s travel agent with Voyages G Travel in Gatineau, agreed the destination may play a role in determining which people are detained for searches, including Jamaica in a list of countries he says has a reputation for drugs.

Many of his clients and friends have come through the Ottawa airport “not happy about how they’ve been treated,” he said.

Before returning to Canada Dougan suggests wiping out suitcase linings, thoroughly washing hands and clothing, and being aware of who’s around you in the airport.

Even fame is no antidote. In 2001 R&B singer Wilson Pickett was strip-searched upon his arrival in Ottawa. Archer has retained legal counsel.

“I want to know what my rights were.” she said. “I hope no one will ever have to feel the form of degradation that I felt. And that lack of power.”

Nobody at the Canadian Border Services Agency could be reached for comment.

tbspears@thecitizen.canwest.com

You Know what today is… J Dilla BornDay!! SING, SING CELEBRATE!!

Bio by by Andy Kellman(Courtesy of AllMusic .com):

Frequently and rightly placed in the same context as DJ Premier,Pete Rock, and Kanye West, Jay Dee built and sustained a high standing as a producer’s producer while maintaining a low profile. When Pharrell Williams appeared on BET’s 106 & Park in 2004, he excitedly declared that Jay Dee was his favorite producer and told an audibly stumped crowd that it had probably never heard of the man. At the time, Jay Dee had been active for well over a decade and had netted enough beats — including the Pharcyde’s “Runnin’,” De La Soul’s “Stakes Is High,” Common’s “The Light,” and several others with production teams the Ummah and the Soulquarians — to be considered an all-time great. Alternately known as J Dilla, or justDilla, he never produced a mainstream smash and, in many cases, his presence has to be confirmed with a liner notes scan. (And even then, that might not help; he occasionally went uncredited.) He never marked his territory like Just Blaze (“Just Blaze!”) or Jazze Pha(“This is a Jazze Phizzle produc-shizzle!”), and he never hogged the mike like P. Diddy. He let his music, and its followers, do the talking. Rather than provide immediate (or fleeting) thrills, he was hooked on working the subconscious as much as the neck muscles. He was so focused on his work that it took a severe toll on his health.

Born and raised on the east side of Detroit, Dilla — James Yancey — was forced by his parents to become involved with music, and he was a record fanatic at a young age, absorbing funk and rap singles and jazz albums, from Slave to Jack McDuff. He learned to play cello, keyboards, trumpet, and violin, but drums got him like nothing else. He tried his hand at producing tracks on a tape deck by using the pause and record buttons, and he also took up MCing. In 1988, he formed Slum Village with Pershing High School friends Baatin andT3. It wasn’t until 1992, after receiving some valuable guidance from fellow Detroiter Amp Fiddler, that his talent really began to take shape.

A session keyboardist who had worked with PrinceParliament, andEnchantmentFiddler taught Dilla how to use the MPC drum machine. To say that Dilla was a quick study would be an understatement. Fiddler introduced his protégé to A Tribe Called Quest’s Q-Tip, who heard some of Slum Village’s material, liked it, and helped get the word out. Following sessions with First Down (a collaboration with Phat Kat, another Detroiter), Little Indian, and alternative rocker PoeDilla’s production career reached full flight. In 1996 alone, he worked with Busta RhymesDe La Soul, and the Pharcyde, all the while playing a major role in the Ummah with Q-Tip and Ali Shaheed Muhammad. (He did extensive work on Tribe’s last two albums.) Before long, hardcore hip-hop fans began to knowDilla for his steady wobble, which was unfailingly musical and rich in details — shuffling high-hats, oddly placed handclaps, spacious drum loops with drastically reshaped samples of tracks both obscure and obvious.

Through the remainder of the ’90s, Dilla quietly racked up more output, including Janet Jackson’s “Got ‘Til It’s Gone” (for which he did not receive credit), additional tracks for the Pharcyde, and collaborative work with Q-Tip on all of 1999’s Amplified. Largely upbeat and filled with boisterous energy and thick sounds, Amplifiedis one of many pieces of evidence against the argument that Dillawas about one sound and one style. During the producer’s steady rise,Slum Village remained a priority; Fantastic, Vol. 2 and Best Kept Secret (credited to J-88, an SV pseudonym) were released within weeks of each other in 2000. However, the producer would only contribute a few tracks to the group from then on, as his schedule became increasingly tight. As a core member of the Soulquarians, with James Poyser and the Roots‘ Ahmir “?eustlove” ThompsonDillaworked on Common’s Like Water for ChocolateD’Angelo’s Voodoo,Erykah Badu’s Mama’s Gun, and Talib Kweli’s Quality. Through 2005, he continued to work with past associates while dipping his toes further in R&B. A favor was returned on Fiddler’s 2004-releasedWaltz of a Ghetto Fly, and a couple dynamite tracks – Steve Spacek’s “Dollar” and longtime collaborator Dwele’s “Keep On” — were released the following year.

Amazingly, from 2001 on, Dilla was also a prolific solo artist. A couple singles and the Welcome 2 Detroit album came out in 2001, and a number of low-key instrumental compilations and incidental 12″ singles followed shortly thereafter. Rarely praised for his mike skills, he was often assisted by the likes of Phat KatLacks, andFrank-n-Dank. Wooed by a Madlib mixtape that featured the rhymes of Oxnard’s finest over his own beats, Dilla forged an alliance with his admirer for 2003’s Champion Sound, released under the nameJaylib. It was around this time that his health took a sharp decline. For over two years, he had to use a dialysis machine. Despite having to perform in a wheelchair, he was still able to tour in Europe during late 2005. Donuts, an album of instrumentals that had been completed during one of his extended hospital stays, was released on February 7, his 32nd birthday. Three days later, while staying at his Los Angeles home with his mother, he passed away, a victim of cardiac arrest. While reflecting on the tremendous loss, close colleague and friend Thompson (an authority if there ever was one) compared the producer’s level of genius to that of jazz giant Charlie ParkerKarriem Riggins, a close associate, put the final touches on another album – The Shining — which was released six months later. Other posthumous releases and compilations included the Jay Love Japan EP (OX: Operation Unknown, 2007), Jay Deelicious: The Delicious Vinyl Years (Delicious Vinyl, 2007), Dillanthology 1(Rapster, 2009), and Jay Stay Paid (Nature Sounds, 2009).

- You Can get More Info about J Dilla Here -

Spiritual Awareness(Courtesy of InfiniteBeing.com)

by Owen Waters

Life can be a treadmill of mundane details or it can be an inspiring adventure of uplifting experiences. Through the regular, daily practice of meditation, you can start each day by raising your frequency of consciousness above the mundane, work-a-day level into the spiritual realms of consciousness.

Here are seven facets of spiritual awareness which unfold as a result of daily meditation. Any technique will work. The Infinite Being meditation technique is particularly effective.

Spiritual Awareness Facet Number One – Flow

A sense of flow attracts synchronicity into your life’s events. This almost magical sense enables you to always be in the appropriate place at the appropriate time in order to gain the most out of the experiences that the complete you, your inner self, planned for this life.

Spiritual Awareness Facet Number Two – Unconditional Love

You develop a sense of unconditional love for the inner, spiritual essence of all the people that you connect with in your life. Even the difficult people, as they are often holding up a mirror for you to understand an aspect of past habits which, deep down, you would like to examine at this time.

Your sense of unconditional love naturally includes full acceptance of yourself, just as you are, with the personality that you adopted for this lifetime of experience. You can catch those old thought patterns of self-criticism and remember that you live in a universe which is naturally full of love and unconditional acceptance.

Spiritual Awareness Facet Number Three – Abundance

Accept abundance as the natural flow of the universe. Forget those opinions about there being something wrong with money. It’s a form of energy and the universe is filled with energy. Life gets a lot more convenient when you are abundant. It gets really inconvenient when you are not.

When you follow your innermost joy, you find yourself doing work that you love and find absorbing. When you find your work absorbing, you become very good at it, without feeling that it took a lot of effort to become that highly skilled. When you are good at your work, employers and customers alike hear about you by word-of-mouth recommendation and they seek you out. The more in-demand your services become, the more they are worth. Following your inner joy is the secret to finding and developing an occupation which brings natural abundance.

Spiritual Awareness Facet Number Four – Intuitive Insight

Both men and women find that, with regular spiritual practices, their sense of intuition develops smoothly and naturally. Soon, your insights grow to become very valuable in dealing with the challenges of life.

Spiritual Awareness Facet Number Five – Creativity

A growing sense of creativity becomes apparent when spiritual practices become your daily routine. You discover new ways to achieve results because you see situations from a broader perspective.

Spiritual Awareness Facet Number Six – Wisdom

Advances in spiritual wisdom and understanding come with deep meditation. In meditation, it is important to let distracting, surface thoughts dissipate so that deeper realizations may surface at the time that they are needed.

Spiritual Awareness Facet Number Seven – Raising World Consciousness

When you detach from worldly concerns and express a higher frequency of consciousness, the conflicts of the lower frequencies of consciousness become automatically healed. When you let go of any form of conflict within yourself, you are able to rise to a higher frequency of consciousness in a state of harmony and balance.

Higher frequencies of consciousness hold a higher power. Not just a slightly higher power. The power ratio of spiritual consciousness to conflict-oriented consciousness is many thousands to one. If you allow balance to enter your life through a spiritual state of consciousness, it will manifest immediately and very powerfully in your daily life. You will also be helping to raise the global consciousness in a very powerful and constructive manner.

This article was written by Owen Waters, author of
“The Shift: The Revolution in Human Consciousness”
and the Infinite Being Insight E-Books

You know what it is… Thug Saturdays! FANGGGGGGGGGGGGG!

Bio(Courtesy of Stonesthrow.com):

Guilty Simpson was born in Detroit, the son and grandson of the family’s performing musicians in his father and grandfather. At age four, Simpson and his mother began traveling with an aunt in the military, living in California and Birmingham, Alabama, before settling back in the Motor City at 15. Big Daddy Kane, N.W.A, and Scarface were all major influences, but it was Queens-bred street bard Kool G Rap who made the biggest impression. “That’s my crème de la crème rapper right there,” says Simpson, his own presence among the latest in a rich lineage of heavy-handed MCs.

For years Guilty Simpson has been a rock on the Detroit hip-hop circuit alongside those such as J Dilla, Slum Village, Eminem (whom Guilty still calls “Marshall”) & D12, Obie Trice, Proof, Phat Kat and Black Milk. A member of the Almighty Dreadnaughtz crew, Guilty emerged as a sound to be reckoned with after linking with producer Dilla in 2001. In the midst of recording an album’s worth of material on the MC – including the recently released duet “Take Notice” off of Dilla’s heralded Ruff Draft album – Dilla gave Simpson his first appearance on disc with “Strapped” (from 2003’s Jaylib album).

2006 marked his allegiance with Stones Throw Records – at Dilla’s behest – and appearances on both Chrome Children installments and subsequent tour. It’s taken years, but finally Simpson’s full-length solo debut, Ode to the Ghetto, brings him worldwide, chronicling a life led in the rough-hewn city that birthed him.

Featuring an all-star cast of producers normally reserved for those signed to six-figure deals (J Dilla, Madlib, Denaun Porter of D-12), Ode to the Ghetto marks an evolution, incorporating a more topical and thought-provoking persona in addition to the extra-savage braggadocio Simpson is known for. “I want to make the consumer care about the music again,” the 31-year-old explains.

Guilty’s testosterone-charged, inner city themes possess of a sense of humor at times so side-splitting, it only proves how serious he really is. This rapper was raised on the field of battle and he has more to say than just how fresh he is and how fresh “they” are not. As a matter of fact, he’s found that he’s here to remind the hip-hop world – currently captivated with that manufactured freshness – that life in the ghetto is real.

The evidence shows excessive use of double entendres, too much flavor on public grounds, microphone assault, and verbal harassment of an officer of the law. On the counts of freshness AND realness: The Court of Hip-Hop finds Mr. Simpson to be Guilty.  – Bio by Ronnie Reese.

GRIND SEASON Vol.1(Courtesy of Kevinnottingham.com and whentheyreminisce.com)

Newly signed Mello Music artist Boog Brown and producer Apollo Brown join forces to formUPS with their forthcoming album The Brown Study LP, due for release in the summer of 2010. In anticipation of their debut Boog Brown is releasing a mixtape entitled The Grind Season Vol. 1.

The Brown Study LP will be the debut release from UPS, comprising Atlanta-based emceeBoog Brown and hip-hop producer Apollo Brown. Recently signed to Mello Music Group, the two artists joined forces to create an album that Boog describes as “the most vulnerable” she has ever been musically. Due for release in the summer of 2010, The Brown Study LP will showcase the truth, confidence, style, and strong sense of hip-hop integrity that UPS represent.

In anticipation of the UPS album, Boog Brown entices fans with a taste of things to come on her latest mixtape The Grind Season Vol. 1. A collection of music from the Atlanta-based artist, this latest project features production from IllastrateLex Boogie14KT and appearances from staHHrFluxwonda of Binkis Recs, and Mojo Swagger. “Grind Season is a state of being,” says Boog on the meaning behind the mixtape’s title. “Every day you must grind for your vision. Mine is making honest music.” Tracks on the mixtape, including “Grind Season,” “Anymode,” and “The Essence” serve as perfect examples of Boog’s smooth flow and propensity for delivering strong rhymes over laid-back beats. It’s all the reassurance you need that, as Boog herself says, “The Boys Club is non-existent to me.”

Boog Brown – The Grind Season Vol. 1:
http://www.zshare.net/download/72097194475defa0/

I never heard the Alphabet sung so soulful! HAAAAAAAAAA!

Bio(Courtesy of Music.Aol.Com):

The tragic 1979 death of 31-year-old Minnie Ripertonsilenced one of soul music’s most unique and unforgettable voices — blessed with an angelic five-octave vocal range, she scored her greatest commercial success with the chart-topping pop ballad “Lovin’ You.” Riperton was born in Chicago on November 8, 1947; as a youth she studied music, drama, and dance at the city’s Lincoln Center and later contemplated a career in opera. Her pop career began in 1961 when she joined the local girl group called the Gems, signing to the famed Chess label to release a handful of singles as well as lend backing vocals to acts including Fontella Bassthe Dells, and Etta James. After graduating high school, Riperton went to work at Chess as a receptionist; following the Gems‘ dissolution, she also signed with the label as a solo act, releasing a single, “Lonely Girl,” under the alias Andrea Davis.

In 1968, Riperton was installed as the lead vocalist of the psychedelic soul band the Rotary Connection, which debuted that year with a self-titled LP on Cadet Concepts; the singles “Amen” and “Lady Jane” found a home on underground FM radio, but the group failed to make much of an impression on mainstream outlets. While still a member of the ConnectionRipertonmounted a solo career; teaming with producer/arrangerCharles Stepney and her husband/composer Richard Rudolph, she issued her brilliant debut, Come to My Garden, in 1970, but again commercial success eluded her grasp. After the Rotary Connection dissolved in the wake of 1971’s Hey Love, she and Rudolph took a two-year sabbatical in Florida before relocating to Los Angeles, where she sang on Stevie Wonder’sFulfillingness’ First Finale and toured as a member of his backing unit Wonderlove.

Wonder agreed to co-produce Riperton’s 1974 albumPerfect Angel, which contained the international blockbuster “Lovin’ You”; the record made her a household name, although subsequent LPs like 1975’s Adventures in Paradise and 1977’s Stay in Love failed to repeat its success. By this time, however, commercial woes were the least of Riperton’s concerns — diagnosed with breast cancer, she underwent a mastectomy in 1976, later becoming a spokesperson for the American Cancer Society and earning a Society Courage Award from then-President Jimmy Carter. Riperton continued performing despite her declining condition, with 1979’s Minnie the final record completed during her lifetime — she died in L.A. on July 12 of that year. Unreleased vocal tracks with new instrumental backing comprised 1980’s posthumous collection Love Lives Forever. -Jason Ankeny, All Music Guide

- For more info on Minnie Riperton check MinnieRiperton.wordpress.com -

For those who like Sweet Drinks! I peeped this at “www.gelatofresco.com“. FANGGGGG!!!!!!

- Watermelon Vodka Sorbet -

Required Ingredients:

4 cups (1 L) pureed watermelon, seeds removed.
1 cup (250 mL) sugar.
1 tsp (5 mL) Gelato Fresco gelatine.
1/4 cup (50 mL) vodka

Combine all ingredients and let stand for 1/2 hour to allow gelatine to set. Freeze in ice cream maker according to manufacturer’s instructions. If ice cream maker is not available, freeze in unsectioned ice cube tray and stir with fork each time it becomes slushy, to break up ice crystals and give some texture, until relatively smooth. Allow to harden.

Recipe courtesy of Hart Melvin, president of Gelato Fresco, Toronto.
As featured in GUSTO! – Food and wine magazine.

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